The conference is designed for cardiologists interventional cardiologists cardiovascular and thoracic surgeons perfusionists nurses technicians and those involved in the diagnosis treatment and care of individuals with controversial and complex cases of cardiac disease. His belief is that controversies in cardiology are common because we lack the information and havent developed the right tools but when it comes to determining whether a lesion requires intervention a number of tools are now available. Dr steve nissen opened this controversies in cardiology debate by observing that the entire case for the routine use of angiotensin converting enzyme ace inhibitors in coronary artery disease cad patients is based on the heart outcomes protection evaluation hope trial 1 chaired by salim . Controversies in cardiology published january 7 2006 executive summary more than 25 years after the start of drugs for the heart a new series of articles reviews the progress in cardiovascular therapy with an emphasis on controversies in cardiology four articles encompass some of the most common diseases in the world that still tax . Controversies in cardiology authors luis gruberg md facc this activity has expired start activity target audience and goal statement this program is intended for front line cardiologists internists primary care physicians nurses and attendant healthcare personnel who must maintain a current understanding of cardiovascular disease and